Y element in the first theme becomes a pattern of sequences and prepares for modulation to the second theme. The second group is a phrase that has pedal point tones, consisting of four successive sequences. The first group shows broken V chords that determine c minor key. It can be divided into two groups, group 1 from mm. This phrase is a transition part going over to the second theme where modulations often occur. While the first theme maintains on the pedal point tone of tonic, the melody of upper voice is going upward chromatically, then going downward with harmonic changes. This motif is developed by imitating X and Y of introduction part. The upward motion in the first 4 measures is tensive while downward motion in the following 4 measures is relaxative. The theme consists of 8 measures which can be divided into two parts. 11, The first theme of exposition begins in c minor. 7 to 8 on the upper voice, and the lower voice is going downward making contrary motion.Īt mm 10, the introduction ends with a half cadence in c minor.Ģ. The reduced main motif is going upward from mm. 7, and the key modulates to vii° in c minor where F comes(mm. Bass makes a downward conjunct motion from E b at mm. 5, the contrast effect of p and ff is shown prominently as the main motif and dotted rhythm of upper voice expands to the higher octave. Then, it expands and prolongs the motif until another modulation to E b major through short and strong rhythm.Īt mm. This passage gradually ascends and modulates to g minor at the third measure. The repetitive dynamic fp is the characteristics of Beethoven’s music, which is used to make the effect of a sudden reversal. The antecedent phrase goes from the tonic to dominant chord, and the consequent phrase proceeds the other way around. This part makes a sequence consisting of antecedent phrase(mm. The theme is introduced on the first four measures in c minor key. Three notes moving upward(X) and two notes moving downward(Y) are the key elements of the introduction, which plays an important role to keep the balance throughout the piece. The introduction part is the first 10 measures of the movement where slow and majestic main motif is presented. 1st Movement, Grave - Allegro di molto e con brio This sonata is characterized by the very short development and its tragic first movement. It was the first attempt in piano sonata to use longer introduction than ever. This sonata consists of three movements and the first movement begins with a long introduction of Grave which is slow. The publisher titled this work “ Grande Sonate Pathétique,” and it was dedicated to his patron Karl von Lichnowsky. The representative piece among his early sonatas is No. Beethoven's sonata serves as a link between classical and romantic periods and still serves as an important musical cornerstone for later composers. His piano sonatas have autobiographical elements reflecting his human spirit, will and emotion, while compressing the artistic development of his music. The latter work of Beethoven is the convergence styles, the mixture of traditional classical techniques and new romantic techniques. He tried to add content outside of music and make his music free from classical forms in his mid-term sonatas. His early sonatas were influenced by the traditional classical styles of Haydn and Mozart. He attempted to overcome the musical limitations of classical period on his music.īeethoven composed 32 piano sonatas from 1795 to 1822 and these works can be classified under three periods. He had his own unique style of music and composed pieces of various genres throughout his life. Ludwig van Beethoven was a composer who inherited the classical tradition but his music was not limited to the form and technique of classical period. The Theoretical Analysis of Beethoven Piano Sonata No.
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